How do they get the golf greens so short?

So how do they get those greens so short? and even the fairways… do they use lawn mowers (like special ones)? or are they turf?

Special mowers. They just showed one of the commentators at the Quail Hollow Championship on CBS working one of the special push mowers. You drive it to where you are going to begin cutting with rear rubber tires and when you get to that location they actually take the rear tires off and there is a metal rolling disc along the back of the mower that then acts as the wheel. This lowers the cutting blade down to get the fast grass that pros play on. Of course this is a pro course and most municipal courses wouldn’t have that type equipment. One local course I was at they used a tractor with wide turf tires so they wouldn’t tear up the green and the actual mower was an old-timey mechanical manual mower that was pulled behind the tractor that just uses the wheel speed to turn a bunch of blades in a circular motion. For the fairways they had another pull-behind deck that was just a commercial mower. But to get the really short grass, special mowers are used.